Douglas mcgregor motivational theory x theory y pdf

Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, mcgregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee. The idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Mcgregors theory y matches much of maslows selfactualization level of motivation.

Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. The outcomes of positive outlook at mankind in organizations let people participate in decisionmaking process, encouraging communication for improvement. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor. Prepared for the sloan school 50th anniversary session on october 11 2002. Mcgregor postulated 2 theories on human management and leadership which are theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. Theory x and theory y wellknow n to personnel managers in alfield l s do not translate wel intl o practice, say thiss writer. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y february 5, 2016 by umar farooq aside from maslows hierarchy of needs, there are so many other theories of needs that determine certain specific needs of an individual, which may offer a satisfaction associated with the work motivation. It is important to note that these sets of assumptions were not based on. He first presented his theory in a classic article titled the human side of enterprise.

He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Douglas mcgregor put forward a theory of motivation, called as theory x and theory y. Mcclellands need for achievement underlies maslows selfactualization. Kopelman professor of management baruch college david j. Theory x stands for the set of traditional beliefs held, while theoryy stands for the set of beliefs based on researchers in behavioral science which are concerned with modern social views on the man.

Rather, he saw the two theories as two extremes with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Theory x and theory y on employee motivation helps organizations understand the changing dynamics of human behavior. It is based on the assumption that selfdirection, selfcontrol, and maturity control motivation. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y on employee motivation 58,186 views. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people.

Theory x and theory y on employee motivation helps organizations understand the. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has. There is no question that theory x and theory y had an incredible impact on management thinking. The major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. Douglas mcgregors theory x vs theory y lucidchart blog. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi theory x an authoritarian style of management the average worker dislikes work. This study aims to explore whether mcgregors theory x. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that explained how managers beliefs about what motivates their people can affect their management style. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison.

In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Newton professional manager isn every field are familiar with douglas mcgregors. In the book the human side of enterprise, mcgregor identified an approach of creating an environment within which employees are motivated via authoritative direction and control or integration and selfcontrol, which he called theory x and theory y, respectively. Based on the premises concerning human behaviour, prof. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Quotes about douglas mcgregor douglas mcgregor coined the two terms theory x and theory y and used them to label two sets of beliefs a manager might hold about the origins of human behaviour. Mcgregors 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, had a profound influence on education practices. He is best known for his theory x and theory y, which splits corporate thinking into two camps. He contributed much to the development of management and motivational theory. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory xy attitudes and theory xy behaviors. Douglas mcgregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. He proposes what he believes is a more practical alternative.

Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Therefore most people must be motivated by forcedbribed with the threat of punishment or a reward to produce effort and work towards organizational objectives. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s 2.

Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y on employee. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Douglas mcgregor work is established in motivation theory. What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor.

According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. Theory x and theory y management oxford bibliographies. Theory x and theory y were part of mcgregors philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. The first set of assumptions is contained in theory x and the second set of assumptions in theory y. It is something that makes people act or behave in a particular manner. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Following are the merits of mcgregors approach to explaining human behaviour.

The eminent psychologist douglas mcgregor has given his theory of motivation called theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y of motivation by mcgregor douglas mcgregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. Theory x advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. Theory xy douglas mcgregor and theory z william ouichi. Many theorists support that mcgregors theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. He treated traditional approach to management as theory x and the professional approach to management as theory y.

The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. To show how assumptions of mcgregors motivational theory x and. It is to mcgregors thorough research and curiosity in behavior and incentive that we owe our current understanding of theory x and theory y.

Both of these theories begin with the premise that managements role is to assemble the factors of production, including people. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. Mcgregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l. Theory x says that the average human being is lazy and self. In his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s.

They can only be made to get results at work by the application of. Douglas mcgregor who set forth in his book human side of enterprise two pairs of assumptions about human beings which he thought were implied by the actions of autocratic and permissive managers. Reward systems must correspond to intrinsic factors if employees are to be motivated. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. These theories continue to be important even today. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Douglas mcgregors work builds on the work of other behavioral scientists who showed a link between human behavior, motivation, and productivity.