Type of rock can indicate environment of deposition. The intrusive types are usually found in areas called plutons and dikes, big old pools of molten rock that were just beneath the surface. Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. We hope you and your students will enjoy this unit. Mineral size, or grain size in sedimentary rocks, is a noticeable textural feature. To identify name igneous rocks, you determine two things about the rock. Death on the rocks is an evening of romantic scandal, poisonous gossip, political tension and murder. Then determine the texture of the rock and based on the two, identify t he rock name.
For example, the rock sandstone consists mainly of grains of sand pressed and cemented together. There are thousands of different minerals, but a very few kinds feldspar, mica and quartz, for example are found in nearly all the earths rocks. Metamorphic rocks this rock type is created by heat andor pressure. Rocks and minerals the mars rover curiosity is looking for in gale crater. Examples of igneous rocks include granite, basalt, gabbro, obsidian and pumice. The original rocks may be sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic rocks. Degassingvolatiles release hydrothermal alteration and lowgrade metamorphism crystal accumulation presence of xenocrysts and. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography. Sorting and rounding provide information that can help decipher the history of a. Describing igneous rocks in the field involves the collection of a complete and comprehensive set of observations of igneous minerals relative abundance, type, color, size, and quality, textures and other significant characteristics. Metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks are subjected to such great pressure and heat that their mineral composition is altered. Mineral and rock guide booked city college of san francisco.
Pdf file the interior of earth and formation of magmas pdf file magmatic differentiation pdf file igneous rocks of the oceanic lithosphere pdf file igneous rocks of convergent margins pdf file igneous rocks of the continental lithosphere pdf file pyroclastic rocks. Rocks and minerals power point and activities in pdf. For example, lightcolored igneous rocks are more acidic and have over 65% silica. A resource for developers looking to put html5 to use today, including information on specific features and when to use them in your apps. Each rock group is further subdivided into subgroups that are defined by the mode of origin of the rocks. Sedimentary rocks are formed on the earths surface under normal surface temperature and pressures. A strain is a change in size, shape, or volume of a material. Lecture notes mechanical properties of rocks earth. On the basis of mode of formation the rocks are divided into three categories. Minerals each have their own color, shape, hardness, way of splitting, and luster. Angular gravel, poor sorted, grains geography the earths crust is composed of rocks.
It is hoped that the activities in this resource can be used to explore the. Mostly k spar no quartz syenite pegmatitic mostly feldspar. Yearly or seasonal changes in the types of sediments that reach a region will show layering within a clastic rock. This unit is perfect for teachers who integrate science and ela. Introduction to classification of rocks using the building. Texture refers to the physical appearance or character of a rock, such as grain size, shape, and arrangement.
The rock cycle the cycle does not always follow the central circular course. These and many more factors give the same type of sedimentary rock vastly different appearances, making rock identification a challenge. Geologic map of the ringing rocks pluton, jefferson county, montana. Rock cycle diagram changing of rocks by high temperature and pressure weathering of rocks and sedimentation of porous substance. Sedimentary rock notes sedimentary rocks are formed on the earths surface by the hydrologic system.
Make sure you have an adult helping you since youll be using the stove. Then determine the texture of the rock and based on the two, identify t. L a k e s u p e r i o r munising falls interpretive center interagency visitor center nps and usdafs p i c t u r e d r o c k s grand marais maritime museum grand sable visitor center 6mi 10km 6mi 10km 8mi km 1mi 2km 8mi km 1mi 2km 3mi 5km 25mi 40km 10mi 16km 4mi 1mi 2km 3mi 1mi 2km 6mi 10km 5mi 8km 5mi 8km 14km 3mi 5km 1mi 2km 25mi 40km l. There are three different types of rocks based on the way they form, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. A mixture of minerals implies the presence of more than one mineral grain, but not necessarily more than one type of mineral. Deep drilling in the stable platform shows that the bulk of the continental crust is also made up of metamorphic rocks.
Rocks and minerals unit the science zonewhere everyones a. Darkcolored rocks are more basic and have a higher percentage of ferromagnesian minerals. Granite is usually composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. This 100 page rocks and minerals unit includes a 25 page power point to highlight this terrific unit. Collision of continents or deep burial provide some of the conditions necessary to partially melt and alter rocks. Angular gravel, poor sorted, grains rocks, so the upper part of the mantle is again strong. In the last lecture we looked at the nature and classification of igneous rocks. Below this point rocks behave in an increasingly ductile manner. The rock cycle helps us understand what conditions helped formed those rocks, which can tell us a lot about the history of a region.
Large rocks are broken down very gradually and the smaller pieces are transported by. This is why we say that the changes are solid state. Under high temperature and pressure, the sediment becomes compacted. Those minerals listed in capital letters are most likely to be. Students list what is made from rocks and explain what they think about why rocks look different. Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification and cooling of magma in volcanic. Teacher will bring a variety of beautiful colorful rocks. If the rock is formed by cooled, hardened magma on the surface of the earth, it is called extrusive igneous rock. Various combinations of minerals make up different types of rocks. Learn what rocks and minerals are, what the difference is, examples of rocks and minerals, the difference between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.
This will lead us into discussions on magma, silicate minerals, and the construction of a useful illustration that may be used to both name an igneous rock and determine its mineral content. Rocks and minerals ruth siddall encyclopedia of life support systems eolss minerals, it is possible not only to investigate the evolution of earth, but also to improve. Science rocks is organised around a series of focus questions about rocks and minerals. They result from the accumulation of the products of weathering of other rocks and organic materials. Rock identification adapted from don peck page 5 of 16 the rock identification key about the rock identification key this rock key has been designed and written to assist children and adults in identifying the common rocks they find in their back yards and on memorable vacations. Physical geology in our overview of the earth, we found out that earths internal heat combined with other mechanisms causes rocks to melt in the asthenosphere and lithosphere. Rocks and minerals power point and activities in pdf file. When magma cools and solidifies it forms igneous rock. Sedimentary rocks can be weathered and eroded and form new sediments. Making rock candy rock candy is actually sugar crystals, so you can eat your experiment when youre done. Granite not only are they different colors, but there are also different types the three main types are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks descriptions name wasatchuinta field camp. Sedimentary rocks form when these layers of sediment are pressed together until they harden into rock. Pdf from rocks to ridges the formation of mountain.
Weathering is a general term used for the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks at the earths surface by rain, wind. These sheets require tracing, some matching, and some. Name date 1 igneous rocks middle school science blog. But, just as in the crust, increasing temperature eventually predominates and at a depth of about 40 km the brittleductile transition zone in the mantle occurs. Fracture surface energy and elastic solutions of interest. The classification in table 7 is been based on visual identification using a hand lens. Sedimentary rocks weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification layered rock on mars may indicate sedimentary rock red beds indicate oxygenation of early earth importance of sedimentary rocks.
For metamorphic and igneous rocks the same reasoning is applicable, with a grain size qualification only being necessary in the coarser grained rocks. Identifying rocks and mineralstypes of rocks wikibooks. Sometimes, its possible to identify the different minerals in a. Igneous rocks are broken up into three main groups. Chapter 12 rock formation and deformation introduction earths surface evolution has been considered so far as the product of a global machine the supercontinental cycle driven by tectonic processes which assemble, fragment and relocate crustal plates and the continents and ocean basins which they support. From rocks to ridges the formation of mountain landscapes in the north of ireland research pdf available may 2015 with 69 reads how we measure reads. Rocks and minerals types, facts, etc cool kid facts. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography the earths crust is composed of rocks. Fun rock facts for kids information about types of rocks. Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the continental crust. Rocks and minerals help scientists decipher things about past periods on our earth and other planets. Very common mineral in metamorphic and igneous rocks. Some examples of igneous rock are granite, all volcanic rock, basalt, and obsidian.
Igneous rocks aphanitic andor vesicular pegmatitic or phaneritic glassy pyroclastic mostly feldspar minerals mostly mafic minerals mostly k spar mostly plagioclase. Metamorphic rocks metamorphic rocks rocks that have been subjected to either enough heat or pressure to cause the minerals in that rock to undergo solid state chemical changes. Some rocks are made of only one mineral, such as marble, which is made of calcite. The minerals in some metamorphic rocks are new, having formed by reactions among the original mineral grains. Summary notes on minerals, rocks, and resources mineral any naturally occurring, inorganic solid with distinct physical and chemical properties facts about minerals. Metamorphic rocks can likewise form sedimentary rocks. C1 rocks and magmas a rock is defined as a consolidated mixture of minerals. Rock cycle notes three types of rocks sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary rocks sediment is produced through the process of weathering. Igneous rocks form when molten rock magma cools and solidi. Rocks are classified into three distinct groups igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic and each is discussed in a separate section. Metamorphic rocks qfiles the online library of knowledge. Metamorphic rocks never melt if they did they would become igneous magma. Igneous rocks form when magma, molten rock, rises upward.
English language learners communicate information, ideas, and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of science. Students will be able to define and describe how the three major types of rocks are formed. To simplify the discussion we are severely reducing the number of igneous rocks you need to know to an essential few. The rock files previously accessed from this page have been replaced with a series of fact sheets produced by geoscience australia. Metamorphic rocks form when preexisting rocks are changed by intense heat and pressure at depth in the earths crust. Geologic map of the ringing rocks pluton, jefferson county, montana licensing. Metamorphic sedimentary igneous metamorphic sedimentary igneous. We here modify that definition somewhat to say that a strain also includes any kind of movement of the material, including translation and tilting. Igneous rocks form as molten rock cools and solidifies general characteristics of magma. First determine composition, which is based on mineral content or color, if you cant see minerals. Because volcanoes help form extrusive igneous rocks. We established that igneous rocks do vary in both texture and composition, and that the two properties can be used to classify them. Some minerals in rocks undergoing metamorphism may be transformed into.
A rock can be composed of only one type of mineral. These were developed from some frequently asked questions from middle and upper primary school students in response to handling a selection of rocks and minerals. Large rocks are broken down very gradually and the smaller pieces are transported by wind, water, and ice. Rasmussen revised from a booklet by susan celestian 2012 donations for reproduction from.
870 820 271 1163 1283 404 1020 1091 1006 61 574 1285 9 801 1435 1115 308 1293 185 83 716 602 342 50 833 225 438 919 1188 472 1401 1086 905 693 532 749 404